5^th Global Nephrologists Annual Meeting April 01-02, 2016 Valencia, Spain

Ischaemic monomelic neuropathy (IMN) is an infrequently recognized type of neuropathy, produced after acute arterial occlusion or reduced blood flow to an extremity. In the upper limb, it usually occurs after vascular access surgery for haemodialysis. IMN has been reported largely in diabetics with peripheral neuropathy and atherosclerotic vascular disease. We report a case of IMN following arteriovenous (AV) fistula formation in a patient with advanced chronic renal failure, who did not have diabetes mellitus and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy or features of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Patient had some improvement in the symptoms immediately after the Distal Revascularization and Interval Ligation (DRIL) procedure to the AV fistula.

Background: End-Stage Kidney Disease is directly related to hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, which is today diseases that have reached epidemic proportions in our country. Methods: We conducted an analytical, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study based on individuals, involving 18 patients assigned to the ISSSTE Hospital located in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco. México, diagnosed with End-Stage Kidney Disease, in which we seek to establish an approximate time frame for the diagnosis of End-Stage Kidney Disease in patients with a previous diagnosis of Systemic Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and both associated. Statistical analysis was performed using the Excel Analysis ToolPak for Microsoft Office Excel 2013. Results: Data were collected from 18 patients diagnosed with End Stage Kidney Disease, of which only 15 patient's (83.33%) were analyzed, otherwise 3 patient's (16.66%) were excluded, 2 of them by presenting a diagnosis of ESKD simultaneously to Type 2 Diabetes or Systemic Hypertension, and the remaining patient did not present any comorbidity when establishing the diagnosis of ESKD. Of the selected patients it was found that the category who took a shorter time to have as diagnosed ESKD were patients with Hypertension as unique comorbidity, with an average of 5.6 years, while the category of type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated hypertension, had an average of 9 years, and finally patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus only, showed an average of 20 years of evolution before they make a diagnosis of ESRD.

Background: Although conventional chest radiograph remains the first routine radiologic examination in mechanically ventilated patients, chest ultrasound provides more accurate information, with less ionizing radiation and less time delay. Objective: To compare between sensitivity of chest ultrasound and routine daily chest X- ray in diagnosis and follow up of diseases in mechanically ventilated patients admitted at Respiratory ICU of Ain Shams University Hospital. Design: The study was carried out as a prospective analytical study. Patients and methods: The study was conducted upon twenty five mechanically ventilated patients( 16 male patients and 9 female patients ) , with mean of age 58.8 years (SD ± 15.64 ) who were admitted at the Respiratory Intensive Care Unit of Ain Shams University Hospital during the period from October 2012 till May 2013. Chest ultrasound examination was done for patients on mechanical ventilation on first day of enrollment prior to seeing their chest X-ray, then follow up daily chest ultrasound examination was done all over the period of mechanical ventilation with comparison of examination results with that of chest X- ray. Results: Initial chest ultrasound was more sensitive in detection of pleural effusion (40% of cases) than chest X-ray (8% of cases). This superiority of chest ultrasound over chest X-ray persisted in follow up studies (44%, 8% respectively).As regards consolidation, there was no statistically significant difference between chest ultrasound (consolidation was detected in 16 out of 25 cases ) and chest X-ray ( consolidation was detected in 15 out of 25 cases) at the initial studies , and also along the follow up period ,chest ultrasound detected consolidation in17/25 patients, while CXR detected consolidation in 18/25 patients. In the follow up of five mechanically ventilated patients with no obvious radiologic abnormalities on chest X-ray, initial and follow-up ultrasound was also free and detected no localized abnormality. There was statistically significant relationship between chest ultrasound findings in cases with pleural effusion and in cases with consolidation and clinical progress. Conclusion: Chest ultrasound is a reliable tool for evaluation of mechanically ventilated patients.

Ma. Eugenia Martínez is a doctoral candidate in Biochemical Engineering Sciences, focusing her thesis in Plant Biotechnology using Taraxacum as a scientific model for bioactives compounds recuperation and biomass valorization. She is currently working in the FP7 DISCO Project for bioactives production under "green chemistry" and further market commercialization.

Currently, the most effective treatment for recurrent urinary tract infections in women is the use of antibiotics. However, limitation for this treatment is the duration and dosage of antibiotics and the resistance that bacteria develop after a long period of administration. Therefore, alternatives approaches need to be consider. The most common is the use traditional botanical remedies or preparations, in which the use of dandelion (Taraxacum sp.) has several references in treating bacterial infections. These properties have been attributed to the large number of bioactive compounds in their tissues, particularly triterpenes such as amyrin and lupeol, antioxidants and phenolics compounds. Antibacterial activity was evaluated in vitro by serial microdilution using a hexane extract from T. officinale leaves against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis as uropathogens, showing 100% inhibition at 400 mg/L for E. coli and 1600 mg/L for the other tested strains. Phytochemical analysis of plant tissue grown in vitro revealed the presence α-amyrin and lupeol both in leaves and in callus cultures, which extract would be further tested in rats. These results corroborate the folkloric use is given to the use of dandelion against bacterial infections and suggest the potential of these compounds for its potential use in the pharmaceutical industry, related to the formulation of natural products associated with improving urinary tract diseases. On the other hand, it can set the groundwork for a potential production system of these compounds for medicinal purposes, using biotechnology techniques that stimulate the synthesis and accumulation of these triterpenes into the plant cell.