27^th Global Nephrology, Urology and Kidney Failure Congress

Acute & Chronic Kidney Injury: Mechanisms & Early Detection

Advanced research into acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) uncovers molecular pathways linked to inflammation, ischemia, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. Early-stage detection relies on sensitive biomarkers such as NGAL, KIM-1, cystatin C, and metabolomic signatures that reveal damage before creatinine rises. AI-enabled prediction models identify high-risk patients in ICUs, postoperative settings, and chronic disease populations, enabling timely interventions that prevent irreversible damage. Understanding mitochondrial dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and endothelial injury provides new therapeutic targets for nephroprotection. Emerging treatments focus on anti-fibrotic agents, cell-based repair mechanisms, and metabolic modulators that slow CKD progression. Together, these insights empower clinicians to preserve renal function and reduce long-term disease burden.