Diagnosis of Kidney Diseases
Ultrasound is used to evaluate a person’s native kidneys (the ones you were born with) as well as transplanted kidneys. It can measure the size and appearance of the kidneys and detect tumors, congenital anomalies, swelling and blockage of urine flow. A newer technique called Color Doppler is used to assess clots, narrowing, pseudo-aneurysms—in the arteries and veins—of the original and transplanted kidneys. Renal scintigraphy uses small amounts of radioactive materials called radiotracers, a special camera and a computer to evaluate your kidneys’ function and anatomy and determine whether they are working properly. It can provide unique information that is often unattainable using other imaging procedures.
MRI involves a large and powerful magnet. Hydrogen ions in the body are used to obtain pictures of the body parts. But in regard to the kidney, an MRI gives the same information as a CT scan. In the past it was thought that the advantage was that the contrast material called gadolinium, used in an MRI, had no risk of kidney damage. However, gadolinium has now been associated with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), a potentially fatal skin disease in people with decreased kidney function. And, in a small fraction of patients, separate from NSF, gandolinium may decrease glomerular filtration rate (GFR), similar to other contrast dyes. Talk to your physician to find out if an angiogram or CT scan would be a better choice than an MRI.
Angiography is the test of choice for the renal hypertension or high blood pressure caused by narrowing of the renal arteries that carry blood to the kidneys. Initial evaluation could be done by the use of ultrasound. The size of the kidneys and, in expert hands, the Doppler sonography of the renal arteries can help in evaluating narrowing of the arteries (stenosis). CT angiography can also help identify the stenosis, but it is limited in use because of the contrast (dye) agent and the risk of kidney damage with it. Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) is fast evolving as a pre-screen for angiography. As the technology develops the MRA might be the way to go for renal artery stenosis as this has no risk of contrast nephropathy and it is non-invasive.
- Urinalysis
- Blood Tests
- Kidney Biopsy
- Medical ultrasonography
- computed axial tomography
- Scintigraphy (nuclear medicine)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Recent advancements in renal therapeutics
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